Smart and circular food system and distribution

The first axis focused on the valorisation of agri-food waste and by-products. Residues traditionally treated as end-of-cycle materials were investigated as potential resources for new sustainable value chains. Through the integration of low-impact extraction processes, microbial biotechnologies and environmental assessment tools, the Spoke explored pathways for transforming by-products into functional ingredients, bioactive compounds and value-added biomasses. The adoption of cascade approaches supported circular models combining resource efficiency, safety evaluation and industrial feasibility.

The second axis addressed waste prevention by intervening at stages where quality degradation anticipates product loss. Research activities examined innovative packaging systems — including bio-based, active, intelligent and edible solutions — together with sanitation strategies and optimised storage conditions. Rather than introducing single technological fixes, the Spoke promoted coordinated process optimisation aimed at extending shelf life, reducing contamination risks and limiting losses along the supply chain.

WP 2.1 developed low-impact extraction and biotechnological processes to recover bioactive compounds and functional materials from agri-food residues. By integrating advanced analytical characterisation and environmental assessment tools, the Work Package supported the development of circular value chains based on resource recovery and sustainability.

WP 2.2 developed integrated solutions in packaging, sanitation and storage to prevent quality losses and extend shelf life along the supply chain. By combining innovative materials, controlled atmosphere systems and biotechnological approaches, the Work Package supported systemic strategies for reducing food waste and improving sustainability.

WP 2.3 developed quantitative models, simulation tools and digital twin systems to improve visibility and decision-making across food supply chains. By integrating real-time data, scenario analysis and logistics testing, the Work Package supported adaptive and evidence-based strategies for reducing food and packaging waste.

WP 2.4 developed quantitative models, simulation tools and technological solutions to improve environmental performance and efficiency in agri-food logistics. By analysing supply chain configurations, refrigerated warehousing emissions and last-mile delivery systems, the Work Package supported integrated strategies for low-impact distribution.