Dispersive-Micro-Solid Phase Extraction

Dispersive extraction techniques are valuable for their ability to maximize the interaction between the sample and the extractant, leading to increased extraction efficiency. Dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) was initially developed to enhance the selectivity of the analytical process by using a solid phase to retain potential interferents from the sample matrix. While dSPE efficiently cleans up the sample, its lack of preconcentration limits sensitivity. Recently, a new miniaturized extraction technique called dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (d-µSPE) is a novel and appealing type of solid phase extraction (SPE) method, offering numerous benefits for analytical applications such as pre-concentration, clean-up, and extraction and especially gain of method sensitivity. The chapter provides an introduction to this extraction technique, starting with dSPE as the initial approach. It then describes the main contributions in the d-µSPE field based on the solid sorbent's nature and the strategies for sorbent dispersion. Additionally, it explored the future trends in this technique, with particular emphasis on the combination of d-µSPE with dispersive liquid phase microextraction (DLLME) and automation of sample preparation procedure coupling with instrumental analytical techniques. d-µSPE remains promising as a powerful sample preparation method with the potential for further advancements and applications in various analytical fields.